Sighting and control apparatus



Feb 2%1945.

J. c. SLONNEGER 2,369,806

SIGHTING AND CONTROL APPARATUS FOR MILITARY DEVICES I Fil ed May 11, 1942 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 DIFFERENTIAL GEARING claim 6.. Sb/"mega? Feb. 20, 1945. J, c, SLQNVNEGER 7 369,806 V SIGHTING AND CONTROIJAPPARATUS FOR MILITARY DEVICES Filed May 11, 1942 5 Sheets- Sheet 2 /0 c/o/m C. S/onnejer" Feb. 26, E945. J c, SLONNEGER 2,369,806

SIGHTING AND CONTROL APPARATUS FOR MILITARY DEVICES Filed May 1 1, 1942 Shgets-Sheet 3 55 ,67 76 d) 59 30 0 C 74 A 55 5/ 75 is 11: 4 i m1 /o 62 as as i l 5 45 5 i 2 /o ,a4 /0 4 47 v I 8/ 3 Feb. 20, 1945. i J. c, SLON NEGER 2369306 SIGHTING AND CONTROL APPARATUS FOR MILITARY-DEVICES I s sheets-sheet 4 Filed May 11, 1942 3mm do/m C. Sic/Meyer Feb. 20, 1945. v C LQNNEGER 2,369,806

SIGHTING AND CONTROL APPARATUS FOR MILITARY DEVI ECES Filed May 11, 1942 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 -trol apparatus including Patented Feb, 20,1945

N ED STATES PATENT OFFICE" FOR MILITARY DEVICES John C. Slonneger, Dallas, Tex. ApplicationMay 11, 1942, Serial No. 442,486

21 Claims.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in sighting and control apparatus for military devices.

One object of the invention is to provide. an

adjustment of the device may improved apparatus accomplished by merely manipulating the sighting apparatus and without the necessity of calculations or other outside information.

An important object of the invention is to provide an improved sighting and control app ratu for artillery pieces which may be rapidly operatedin order to quickly and accurately adjust the artillery piece, whereby necessary corrections in the adjustment of theartillery piece may be made constantly, that is, between each firing operation and also whereby the point or location of the actual hit by the projectile is made the basis'for subsequent cerrective adjustment of the artillery piece, which assures accurate rect hits upon-the target or objective; the appa- .ratus being particularly advantageous for controlling artillery used in firing upon rapidly moving targets, such as aircraft.

A particular object of the invention is to proaiming to effect dito a staring or zero vide an improved sighting and control apparatus for artillery pieces, the manually adjustable by the observer and having connection through the control apparatus with the artillery piece, which may be located at a remote point whereby normally any movement of the sighting apparatus similar movement of the artillery piece; the conmanually-controlled means for permitting separate movement, under certain conditions, of the sighting apparatus iridependently of the artillery piece, whereby corrective adjustments of the sighting apparatus may be made, after which the connection between said apparatus and artillery is re-established, whereby subsequent movement of the.

sighting apparatus again imparts movement to the artillery piece to correct the adjustment thereof. I Still another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus, of the character described, wherein a connection is set up between the sighting device between firing operations of the artil-' lery piece to adjust said sighting device relative to the artillery piece, after which the device and piece are again connected and subsequent movement of the artillery piece the corrective adjustment made through themsighting apparatus being is in accordance with automatically results in a I dependent movement of said sighting apparatus.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved sighting device having its sight mounted for vertical as well as horizontal swinging movement so as to be universally adjustable in all directions; the pivot or fulcrum points of. the movable sight being located so as to coincide with the nautral pivot po' t of the observers head and also with the axis of the natural vertical pivot of the observers body, whereby the observer may by a natural body pivot and without shifting his stance maintain the sight before his eyes throughout substantially a 180 degree are in a horizontal plane and also whereby the natural upward movement of the head may be accomplished With the sight in observers eye and without a change in body position; the arrangement facilitating sighting since it permits the observer to cover a maximum area without changing his stance or forcing him into an unnatural body position.

A particular object of the invention is to provide an improved apparatus, of the character described, which is so constructed that the various partsthereof maybe position, whereby rapid and accurate sighting and adjustment of the artillery piece may be carried out which facilitates firing with greater accuracy, at a moving target.

A still further object of the invention is to pro-v vide an improved sighting device, of the character described, which is readily adjustable to the observers height and which has the sight counterbalanced to facilitate movement thereof, the device also including a control panel located in suchposition as to permit manipulation of the control elements thereon by the observer while said observer is carrying out the sighting operaother features of the invention.

, The invention will be more readily understood from a reading of the following specification and by reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein an example of the invention is shown, and wherein:

Figure 1 is an isometric view of a sighting and control apparatus constructed in accordance with the invention, v

Figure 2 is a side elevation thereof,

Figure 3 is a rear elevation thereof,

Figure 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional view taken through the base of the apparatus and showing the control apparatus,

place before the quickly and easily returned Figure 518 a. horizontal, cross-sectional view, taken on the line L5 of Figure 4 and showing one of the rheostats,

Figure 6 is a horizontal cross-sectional view, taken on the line |i6 of Figure'4 and illustrating the clutch mechanism in its engaged or clutching position,

Figure 7 is a view, similar to Figure 6, with the clutch in its disengaged or non-clutching position, I

Figure 8 is a horizontal, cross-sectional view, taken on the line 8-8 of Figure 4, illustrating the realining means for realining 'the sight and controlled artillery piece or other element,

Figure 9 is apartial view of the parts shown in Figure 8 and illustrating the movement of one of the follower blocks of said realining means.

Figure 10 is a horizontal, cross-sectional view, taken on the line ||l| of Figure 4 and showing the braking means in disengaged position.

Figure 11 is a partial view, similar .to Figure 10, with the braking means in an engaged position,

Figure 12 is an enlarged, vertical sectional view, taken on the'line |2--|2 of Figure 10,

Figure 13 is an elevation of the control panel,

Figure 14 is a wiring diagram of the control panel and illustrating the electrical connections between the control elements and the clutching and braking means, and

Figure 15 is a wiring diagram of one form of an electrical follow-up system which may be em ployed for adjusting the artillery piece, or other controlled device, in accordance with the movement of the sighting apparatus.

In the drawings, the numeral l0 designates a base which is cylindrical in cross section and which has its upper end closed by a cover II. An upstanding, axial sleeve or housing I2 is preferably formed integral with the cover and extends upwardly therefrom. A shaft |3 is'rotatable within the housing l2, as will be hereinafter described, and has its upper end extending therefrom. A crank arm It has one end fixed or secured to the projecting end of the shaft l3, whereby when the crank arm is swung, the shaft I3 is rotated? 1 A vertically-extending post l has its lower end mounted in the outer end of the crank arm l4 andan offset supporting bar I6 is adjustably secured to the post l5 by means Of a clamp ll. Manifestly, the position of the clamp |1 may be varied on the post IE to vary the elevation of the offset' supporting bar l6. .As is clearly shown in Figure 1, the bar l6 has a horizontal portion I to and is then bent upwardly as illustrated at- |6b to form a vertical portion; beyond the tion, the bar i again bent upon itse1f,to form a horizontal supporting arm or element I60. A cylindrical housing or casing 8, which houses certain control apparatus, as will be hereinafter described, is provided with depending ears or brackets I81: and the outer or free end of the supporting arm |8c extends through openings in the I 8 is maintained in a predetermined position wit relation to the post l5 at all times.

A horizontal shaft I8 is rotatably mountel within the housing. or casing l8 and has one em projecting therefrom. A supporting block 20 i fixed or secured on the projecting end of th' shaft l9 and an angular supporting arm 2| is seecured to the block 20, said arm projecting forwardly therefrom. A suitable brace 22 reinforce: and braces the supporting arm. The forwarc end of the arm 2| is bent so that it extends mori or less parallel to the horizontal portion |6a oi the bar I5, as is clearly shown in Figure 1. A binocular prismatic sight 23 is mounted on the outer end of the supporting bar 2|, the sight assemb;y being provided with depending ears 2312 through which the arm 2| extends and to which said arm is welded or otherwise secured. A control panel 24 is supported beneath the sight 23 and is secured to angular pipe members or brackets 25, which have their upper ends welded or otherwise secured to the supporting arm 2| (Figure 3). From the above, it will be seen that the sight 23 is carried by the outer end of the angular supporting arm 2| and said sight may be swung in a vertical plane, the pivot point being at the rotatable shaft I9. For counterbalancing the weight of the sight assembly, a horizontally extending rod 26 has one end secured to the supporting block 20, while its outer end carries a weight 21 which may be fastened in various positions thereon by a set screw 28.

In using the apparatus, the observer takes his stance directly astride the base l0, his body being positioned between the horizontal portion |8a of the offset bar I6 and the sight assembly supported by the angular arm 2|. In such position, the vertical axis of the rotatable shaft |3 in the base will be in substantial alinement with the center of gravity of the observer point of the observer's body. The clamp I1 is then loosened and the sight assembly i adjusted so that the eye piece 23a of the sight which carries the telescope 23 before or in alinement with the observers eye. The clamp I1 is then adjusted to lock the post II and the offset supporting bar l8 against Vertical movement relative to each other.

The length of theisupporting arm 2| wh ch carries the sight 23 is such as to space the sight from the pivot shaft l9 and this spacing is such that when the observer's eyes are adjacent the vertical porears or brackets and is suitably secured therein,

whereby the housing or casing I8 is mounted on said arm. Manifestly, since the offset bar l8 is secured to the post l5 by the clamp these members are in efiect, a single supporting element and such supporting element, being mounted on the-outer end of the crank arm I4, is movable or rotatable with the shaft l3. It is pointed out that it is preferable to key the lower end of the offset bar |6,'as well as the post l5, within the clamp I! so that said clamp is not rotatable relative to the members. In this manner, the bar eye piece of said sight, the horizontal axis 01' the shaft l9 will substantially intersect the observer's neck between the ear and shoulder near the apparent pivot of the observer's head. The observer may grasp the angular supports 25 which support the control panel 24 and may thus hold the sight before his eyes, said supports functioning as hand grips.

Manifestly, when the justed to the observers height as above described, the observer may hold the eye piece before his eyes and he may turn the apparatus in a horizontal plane while maintaining the eye piece before his eyes; this horizontal turning is permitted because of the rotatable shaft l3 and obviously, sight in a horizontal plane will result in a; rotation of such shaft. Obviously, the natural body pivot of as much as 90 to the right or to the left Will permit the horizontal movement of the sight 23 without removing said sight from the observers eye and without causing the observer to shift his stance.- Also, the

which is the natural pivot will be brought directly apparatus is properly adk I observer may move the sight in a vertical plane, such vertical movement the shaft l9 as this is the point of pivot. By moving his head and hands in unison, such vertical movement of the sight can be accomplished without removing said sight from the observers eyes. Thus, it will be seen that a wide area may be covered without the observer having to change or alter his original position or stance.

It might be noted that the arrangement is particularly adaptable in locating a rapidly moving target such as aircraft. In such instance, the observer will first attempt to locate the target with the unaided eye and this he may do by merely lowering the sight 23 without moving his head from its original position. When the target is located, it is only necessary to raise the sight 23 by raising his hands and thus bringing resulting in a rotation of range, some provision must be made to offset the sight from the artillery piece or gun in order that the trajectory of the projectile of said artillery piece will bear upon the target when the sight bears upon the target. It is to accomplish the rapid offsetting and adjustment of the sight relative to the artillery piece so as to accurately aim said artillery piece, that the present control mechanism has been provided.

Briefly, the mechanism is arranged so that normally the sight and the artillery piece are connected by a follow-up mechanism or arrangement and when the sight bears upon the target, the

artillerypiece also bears upon the target. Also,

the movement of the sight, either vertically or horizontally, will result in a similar movement of the artillery piece. In using the. device, the obthe eyepiece before his eye and in this manner,

the target will -be immediately brought into the field of the sight. Due to the universal mounting of the sight, together with the arrangement whereby the observer does not change his position or stance, a rapidly moving object may be followed by the sight 23 in as simple a manner as such object may be followed by a pair of hand binoculars.

Although any suitable sight may be mounted on the supporting arm 2|, it would be desirable to employ a binocular sight with one telescope havin a high power and comparatively narr'ow'field and another telescope having a lower power and much broader field. The lower power side would be used to spot objects generally, while the high power side could be employed for exact and accurate sighting. The observer could readily choose the side best suited to the purpose by simply closing oneeye. As explained, the invention is not to be limited to this type of-sight although the advantages of such sight are readily apparent.

When the sight 23 is moved by the observer in locating or sighting an object or target, such movement imparts a rotation either to the shaft l3, or to the shaft IE, or to both, depending upon- .whether the movement is horizontal, vertical, or both. The shaft I3 is adapted to control a mechanism which has connection with an artillery piece or other apparatus (not shown). This mechanism may be any of the well-known electrical follow-up systems so that the movement of the sight to a pre-determined positionin a horizontal plane will result in the artillery piece'being moved to a simlar position.- In other words, if the sight is moved 10 to the right, then the artillery piece will also be moved 10 to the right. The horizontal shaft l9 which is rotated by the vertical adjustment of the sight 23 is adapted to control the vertical elevation of the artillery piece (not shown) whereby an adjustment of the sight vertically will result in asimilar adjustment of the artillery piece. Through the use of a repeater mechanism, the horizontal and vertical adjustment of an artillery piece or other apparatus may be accurately controlled by the been made.

movement or adjustment of the sighting apparatus.

In the firing of heavy-artillery,,it is usual that the sighting apparatus is located at some distance from the artillery piece which it controls and that the target is not necessarily visible'to the gunners. Because t e sighting apparatus is probably ofiset, or. some distance from the artillery pieceand because it is necessary to adjust-the artillery piece for windage and to elevate for sever first directs the sight 23 squarely on the target and then actuates the mechanism, as will be described, to lock the artillery piece against movement. The range is then estimated and the sight is moved downwardly or upwardly as the case may be, such movement being independent of the artillery piece which is locked at this time; also, at the same time, the sight may be oifset a desired number of degrees horizontally. The offset and elevation may be accurately effected by means of the usual horizontal and vertical stadia lines with which the telescopic sight are usually providedor the skilled observer may estimate the ofiset and elevation required from previous experience. After this offset or adjustment of the sight is made, the mechanism is again operated to connect the sight with the gun and then when the sight is againbrought to bear upon the target, the gun is moved in accordance with the previous adjustment and if the calculations an correct, a direct hit should be scored. a

After the first shot is fired and in the event said shot misses the target, the observer can see where the actual hit was made and at that time,

the mechanism is again operated to lock the gun against further movement. The sight is then further adjusted relative to the gun by directing said sight onto the point where the actual hit was made and when the sight reaches such point, the mechanism is again operated to connect the sight and gun so that movement of the sight will impart movement to said gun. With the sight apparatus again connected to the gun, the sight is brought to bear upon the target and all allowances for windage, range and offset have The firing should now be very accurate and rapid fire from the guns may be carried out. It might be that even after the adjustment was made following the first or trial shot,

the guns are still not adjusted to bear directly on the target and if not, the operation may be repeated, the observer utilizing the point of the actual hit as a basis for the subsequent adjustment.

From the foregoing, justment of the gun is position or point at which the trial shot hits. This point or location is made the basis by which the apparatusis adjusted and therefore, it is not necessary to carry out calculations to determine how much adjustment should be made. The apparatus may be quickly and easily adjusted by merely locking the gun in its previously adjusted position and moving the sight to offset said sight a proper number of degrees from the gun. In this way, the sight may then be brought to bear directly on the target and when so directed, the

it will be seen that the adcarried out by noting the gun will be properly aimed to score direct hits on said target.

As explained, the rotation of the shaft |3 which is' effected-by the horizontal adjustment of the tical adjustment of the sight 23 controls the vertical adjustment or elevation of the artillery or gun. In order to permit the predetermined movement of the sight to offset said sight in the proper manner, as has been described, it is necessary that a control mechanism be provided so that the Sight may be moved either independently of the artillery piece, or the artillery piece and sight-may be moved simultaneously. This control mechanism is housed within the base H and is associated with the shaft l3; additional control mechanism, of identical construction is disposed within the casing 8 within which the shaft 19 is mounted and is associated with said shaft. Since the control mechanisms in the base l and the casing |8 are identical, it is believed that a description of one will suflice. Therefore, only the control mechanism within the base II] has beenillustrated and will be described.

As is clearly shown in Figure 4, the shaft |3 extends axially through the sleeve |2 of the cover I and depends within the cover, being supported in suitable upper and lower bearing assemblies 39. The upper portion of the shaft is formed with an integral enlarged collar, whereby an external shoulder 3| is formed onzthe shaft and this shoulder rests upon the upper bearing assembly'30, which assembly is held in place within the sleeve |2 by a snap ring 32.- A closure plate 33 overlies the upper bearing assembl and is secured to the top of the sleeve l2 by suitable screws. The lower portion of the shaft I3 is reduced to provide a downwardly extending axial shank 34. The cover II is secured by bolts 35 to an annular supporting ring 36, which ring is, in turn, fastened to the upper end of the casing or housing of the base Ill by cap screws 31. Manifestly, with this arrangement, the ring 36 and cover H co-act to close the upper end'of the casing of the base. V

The reduced shank; 34, at the lower end of the rotatable shaft l3, has a clutch plate A keyed or otherwise fixed thereon. As is clearly shown in Figure 4, the clutch plate A is formed with an integral, axial collar 38 which is connected to the shank by a key 39. The outer peripheral edge portion of the clutch plate is formed with an up wardly-projecting flange 4D'which extends completely around the plate. s

A re-alining and drive plate B is disposed below the plate A and is provided with a central or axial sleeve or collar 4|, which receives the extreme lower end of the shank 34 of the shaft I3. It is noted that the shank is rotatable within the upper portion of the collar 4| of the plate B, such rotation being facilitated by roller bearings 42 interposed between the parts. of a driven shaft -43, which will hereinafter be referred to as a control shaft, is engaged within the lower portion of the collar 4| of the plate B and is connected thereto by a suitable key 44, whereby-when the plate B is rotated, the control shaft 43 is also rotated. The lower end of the control shaft i s mounted in suitable bearings 45 which are supported within a-collar 46 made integral with an internal housing 41. The housing 41 isdisposed within the base Hi and has an outwardly directed annular flange 49 at it upper end. The bolts 35 which fasten the cover U to the supporting ring 39 also serve to fasten the flange 48 to the under side of the said supporting ring, whereby said housing is mounted within the base".

The clutch plate A which is rotated by the shaft I3 is connected with the re-alining and drive plate B by means of 9. lug 49 which is preferably formed integral with the under sid ,of the clutch plate A and which engages within an annular channel 50 formed in the peripheral portion of the plate B. The lug 49 is normally held opposite a stop element or bar 5| which is secured to the upper surface of the plate B and which projects into the annular channel 50,

as is clearly shown in Figure 8 and the trans-,

verse width of the bar 5| is substantially equal to the transverse width of the lug 49. For maintaining the lug normally in alinement with the stop element or bar, as shown in Figure 8, a pair of arcuate follower blocks 52 and 53 are. slidable within the channel 50. A coiled spring '54 which is confined within the channel 50 and which has its opposite ends engaging the blocks 52 and 53 constantly urges said follower blocks toward each other. Manifestly, since the stopv element or bar 5| projects into the channel 50, said element is in the path of the follower blocks and the spring 54 will normally hold said blocks in engagement with said element or bar, the lug 49 of the clutch plate A being confined between said blocks. It is pointed out that the position of the stop element or bar 5|, in a vertical plane, is shown as alined with the sight 23 which is carried by the, various supporting elements mounted on the shaft l3. In other words, with the sight in the position shown in Figure 2, the lug 49 isin the position shownin Figures 4 and. 8, which will be referred to as the zero position.

When the re-alining or drive plate B is heldstationary, any movement of the sight 23 which will result in a rotation of the shaft l3, will cause a rotation of the clutch plate A. Such rotation of the plate A will cause the-lug 49 to move away fromthe stop element or bar 5|, such movement being permitted by the spring 54 which will be compressed to a further extent. Of course, the direction of movement of the lug 49 within the channel 50 will depend upon'the direction of th rotation of the shaft l3 which in turn, will be de pendent upon the direction hi the movement of The upper end the sight 23. Assuming that the sight has been moved so as to move the lug 49 to the position shown in Figure 9, it will be seen that the lug is oflset from the stop bar 5|. So long as the realining or drive plate B is locked against movement, a relative movement of the clutch plate A to the plate B mayoccur. In the event that the sight 23 is released, the spring 54 acting upon the followers 53 and 52 will immediately return the clutch plate A to its original position, that is, with the lug 49 opposite the stop element or bar 5|. 'gius, it will be seen that when the plate B is locked against movement, an independent rotation of the plate A may be accomplished.

Arelease of the sight 23 which controls rotation .of the shaft I3 and plate A will cause an immediate realinement of the lug 49 with the stop element 5|, whereby theplate A'will return to its )eriphery of the plate B, this enlarged. portion re- :eiving the screws 55. The drum extends downwardly in a plane below the bottom of the plate B md the inner surface of the brake drum is adaptad to co'act with the pair of pivoted brake shoes 56 (FigurelO). One end of each brakeshoe is pivotally mounted on a pin or bolt 51 which extends through the main supporting ring 36 (Fi ures 4 and 12)., whereby the brake shoes may be swung outwardly and inwardly of the braking surface of the drum C. a The outer or free ends of the brake shoes 56 are constantly pulled toward each other by a coiled spring 58 which has its opposite ends connected to the brake shoes and which constantly exerts its pressure to hold the shoes away from the braking surface of the drum C, as is clearly shown in Figure 10.

For moving the brake shoes 56 into engagement with the drum C and into braking position, an actuating lug 59 is confined between the free ends of the brake shoes. This lug is relatively flat and extends upwardly between the ends of the brake shoes, said lug being adapted to be rotated by a gear quadrant or segment 60. The gear quadrant or segment is disposed below the supporting ring 36 and is secured to a stub shaft 61 which is journaled within said ring, and the lug 59 is fastened to the upper end of the stub shaft; obviously, when the gear segment is swung, the shaft 6| and the lug 59 carried thereby is rotated. A rotation of the lug 59 causes said lug to be moved to the position shown in Figure 11, whereby the brake shoes are separated from each other at their free or outer ends an increased distance with the result that the arcuate surfaces of said shoes are moved into engagement with the braking surface of the drum. So long as the lug remains in the position shown in Figure 11, the brake shoes are in a braking position and are held so by said lug.

For actuating or swinging thegear quadrant or segment 60 to effect rotation of the lug, a hori- 'zontally extending gear rack 62 is in constant engagement with the teeth of said quadrant or segment. The end of the gear rack 62 extends outwardly through the wall of the inner housing 41 and has its outer end secured to the armature 63 of an electrical solenoid 64. When the -solenoid is de-energized, the gear rack is in the position shown in Figure 10 and-the brake shoes are disengaged from the brake drum C in a non-- braking position. When the solenoid 64 is energized; the gear rack 62 is moved laterally to the position shown in Figure 11, such lateral movement swinging the gear quadrant or segment and resulting in a rotation of the flat lug 59, whereby the ends of the brake shoes are spread and the surfaces of said shoes are moved into engagement with the inner surface of the brake drum and to a full braking position.

When the brake shoes 56 are applied, a rotation of the brake drum C isprevented and since t is drum is bolted to the realigning and drive plate B, such plate is also locked against rotation. As explained. the drive plate is keyed or otherwise securedto the driven control shaft 43, and manifestly, when the plate is locked against rotation, rotation of the driven shaft 43 is prevented. As has been stated, when the plate B is locked against movement, the clutch plate A may he moved relative thereto because of the connection between the lug 4a of the plate A and the springpressed followers 52 and 53 within the channel 50 of the plate B.

For setting up a. positive drive connection be-r lar rotation to the brake drum C through the I clutch shoes 65 and drive lug 68, as has been explained. Thus, at this time, the rotation of the tween the clutch plate A which is rotated by the shaft l3 and the re-alining and drive plate B, a pair of semi-circular clutch shoes 65 are mounted on the upper surface of the clutch plate A and are located adjacent the upstanding peripheral flange 40 of said plate. The outer surfaces of the shoes are adapted to engage the inner surface of the flange 40 to provide a frictional drive therewith. A lateral extension 66 is formed integral with the brake drum C and overlies the clutch shoes 65, the inner periphery of the extension having a downwardly projecting flange 61 which confines the clutchshoes in position adjacentthe upstanding flange 46 of the plate A. The lateral extension 66 is formed with a depending drive lug 68 which extends downwardly between the ends of the clutch shoes 65, as is clearly shown in Figures 6 and '7.

When the clutch shoes are in a clutching position, and engaging the flange 40, a rotation of the plate A will result in a rotation of the clutch shoes 65 because of such frictional engagement. Since the drive lug 68 is confined between the ends of the clutch shoes, a similar rotation will be imparted to the brake drum C through the co-action of the shoes with the lug. The brake drum 0 is secured to the re-alining and drive plate B and it will be evident that said drive plate will also be rotated. Thus,,when the clutch shoes 65 are in engaged position, a positive drive connection is had from the plate A, through the clutch shoes 65 and brake drum C to the realining and drive plate B.

When the clutch shoes 65 are moved inwardly 'so as to disengage the inner surface of the upstanding flange 46, a rotation of the plate A will not impart rotation to the shoes. There will merely. be a slippage between the plate'A and the clutch shoes, with the result that no rotation will be imparted to the plate B.-

For controlling the engagement and disengagement of the clutch shoes 65, an actuating lever 69 (Figure 6) is supported on the clutch plate A. The outer end of the lever 69 is provided with an offset actuating dog 16 which is disposed between the ends of the clutch plate shoes 65, this dog being normally located diametrically opposite the drive lug 68 which extends between the opposite ends of the clutch shoes. As is clearly shown in Figure 6, the actuatin lever' projects through a cut-out or opening 11 provided in the dependingfiange 61 of the extension 66 of the brake drum C and the inner end of the actuating lever is engaged within a slot 12 which is formed in the hub 13 of a rotatable gear or pinion 14. The hub and gear are freely rotatable around the upwardly extending collar 38 which is made integral with the clutch plate A. A flat volute spring 15 has v one end riveted or otherwise secured to the hub 13 of the gear and has-its oppositeend. engaged within the opening 1| in the flange 61 of the brake drum extension 66, and this springconstantly urges the pinion in a clockwise direction (Figure 6). Normally, the spring 15 holds the parts in the position shown in Figure 6, in which position the actuating dog 10 of the lever 69 acts to spread the ends of the clutch shoes 65, whereby said shoes are maintained in frictional engagement with the upstanding flange 40 of the clutch plate A. In such position, a rotation of the clutch plate A will impart a simiclutch plate will impart a similar rotation to the realining or drive plate 13.

For disengaging the clutch shoes 65 and moving them toa non-clutching position, a horizontally extending gear rack 16 is mounted within the cover II and is disposed adjacent the pinion or gear 14. One end of the gear rack 16 projects outwardly through the cover and is securedto the armature TI of a solenoid 18, which solenoid Y is mounted exteriorly of the cover on a suitable bracket 19. When the solenoid is de-energized,

'a recessed portion 88 formed on the gear rack is opposite the teeth of the pinion or gear I4,

whereby the spring limay rotate the pinion or gear and move the parts to the position shown in Figure 6. When the solenoid I8 is energized,

the gear rack I6 is moved laterally so that its teeth 16a engage the teeth of the gear or pinion l4 and thereby rotate said pinion in a counterclockwise direction. Such counterclockwise rotation'of the pinion will result in moving the actuating lever 69. to the position shown in Figure 7, whereby the position of the actuating dog 10 between the ends of the clutch shoes 65 is changed. The movement-of the dog Ill-to the position shown in Figure 7 permits the clutch shoes to move inwardlyaway from the upstand- Figure 6 with the clutch shoes 65 again moving to a clutching position.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that the clutch plate A is controlled by the rotation of of a wiper arm 8|, which arm is keyed or otherwise secured on said shaft (Figure '5). The arm 8| carries a metallic wiper or contactelement 82 which is movable over a resistance coil 83 am said arm and coil form a rheostat or variable resistance. The coil is mounted within an insulated ring 84 which is supported by a plurality of postsor bolts 85 which extend downwardly from the supporting ring' 36. A contact ring 86 is also mounted within the insulating ring and the wiper is adapted to engage both the ring and the coil, as is clearly shown in Figure 4. Electrical current is conducted to'the ring through a wire 86a and to the coil by a wire 83a. Manifestly, since theiwiper engages'both the contact ring and the coil, the electrical circuit is completed through said wiper. Obviously, the position of the Wiper relativeto the coil will vary the resistance in the electrical circuit in which the rheostat, formed by the coil and wiper, is connected. Although only one rheostat has been described, a. number of said rheostats may be mounted in superimposed relation on the supporting posts 85, and in Figure 4,, four ofsuch When the clutch shoes move the shaft l3. With both of the solenoids 64 and '18 'de-energized, .the clutch shoes 65 are in a clutchin or engaging position, while the brake shoes 56 are in a non-braking or disengaging position. Any rotation of the shaft l3 which, as explained, is brought about by movement or adjustment of the sight 23, will rotate the plate A and through the clutch shoes will result in a rotation of the re-alining and drive plate B, whereby the driven shaft 43 is rotated in accordance with the rotation of the shaft I3. If the solenoid 64 is energized, the brake shoes 56 are moved into a braking position to lock the brake drum C and the lower or drive plate B in anonrotatable position. Energization of the second solenoid 18 will result inthe clutch shoes 65 being moved to the non-engaged position and when this occurs, any rotation of the shaft ill will re-- sult in a rotation of the clutch plate A only. This rotation of the plate A is independent of any rotation of the plate B and such independent rotation is permitted because of the lug 49 being disposed between the spring pressed followers rheostats have been illustrated. The wiper arms of the rheostats are all mounted upon the control shaft 43, whereby all are operated simultaneously. Each rheostat is adapted to control one artillery piecef'or gun G, or other apparatus and by mounting four as shown. four distinct artillery pieces may be simultaneously controlled. It is noted that the radial position of the wiper arm ill on the control shaft 4-3 is such as to be in alinement. in a. vertical plane, with the stop element or bar 5| on the clutch plate B. Therefore,- when the clutch plate A and the sight 23 are in a zero or starting position, with the lug 49- on the plate .A opposite the stop element 5| (Figures 4 and 8) the wiper arm is vertically ahned with thelug and sight. This position of all of the parts will be hereinafter referred to as the zero or starting position.

The movement, of the wiper arm 81 to various positions on the coil '83 results in the control of the artillery piece. or other apparatus '(not shown). This control may be accomplished by means of a follow-up system and electrical mechanism which serves to connect the sighting apparatus with the artillery piece. For the purposes of this explanation, it'will be assumed that the sighting andcontrol apparatus herein described, is employed for controlling anartillery piece which is adjustable horizontally and vertically.

Any suitable follow-up mechanism which will respond to control by the adjustment of the rheostatmay be employed but it is preferable to use a system'such as disclosed in my co-pending appli 52 and 53 within the channel 50 of the lower,

plate B. Therefore, with the brakea-pplied and the clutch released, the clutch plate A maybe rotated a, predetermined number of degrees relative to the re-alining or drive plate B. Of course. if the sight is released at this time, the -coil spring within the channel 50 willcause a realinement' of the clutch plate A'with the plate B, said spring causing a return of the plate to its original or starting position. i

The shaft 43 which is controlled in its rotation by the plate B is arranged to control the position cation, Serial No. 431,608, filed February 19,-1942. A wiring diagram of this particular system is illustrated in Figure 15, the rheostat coil 83 and wiper arm 8'! being shown in this figure. A rheostat '90, similar in construction to the rheostat 83. is mounted on the artillery piece or gun G at a convenient location and is controlled by the horizontal movement of said artillery piece on its vertical axis. The rheostat 90 is electrically connected with the rh'eostat 83 anda Wheatstone bridge arrangement which includes resistances 9| and 92 is connected in th circuit. The resistances are connected electrically with a thermionic I valve 83 so as to control the potential applied to the grid of said valve. Assuming that the rheostatic elements 83 and 98 have identical resistances when the wiper arms are in the same relative position and thatthe resistances 8| and 92 plish a similar movement of the artillery piece or 1 onnected within-the circuit are identical, then be potential applied to the grid of the thermionic 'alve or tube will be zero when the arms of the heostat arein the same relative position. Thereore, when the wiper arms of the two rheostats 83 md 98 are in the same relative positions, it might re said that the circuit is in balance. Any change :1 potential will cause a variation in the resisttnce of the grid of the valve or tube and will ncrease or decrease the current flowing through ;he field coils 94 of an amplidyne generator 95 which has connection with said valve or tube.

The amplidyne generator 95 is employed for partially exciting the coils 98 of an electric motor 11 which motor is normally rotating at a preother apparatus being controlled. Thus, the

- artillery piece is moved on its vertical axis to ade determined speed. The motor 91 is synchronized J1 normally operating at a speed which is the same as the rotational speed of a second motor 98 connected in parallel with the motor 91. The.

field coils 99 of the second motor are separately and adjustably excited in part by a manually adjustable rheostat I 98, whereby synchronization of the two motors may be readily effected.

The motors 91 and 98 are disposed opposite each other so that their armatures rotate in opposite directions. The motors are connected through a difierential gearing .(not shown) which is mounted within a housing IllI, with an operating shaft I82, which shaft controls the horizontal adjustment of the artillery piece G and which is connected thereto by a suitable gear arrangement as shown in Figure 15. So long as the motors 9'! and 98 are rotating at the same speed, the differential gearing effects no rotation of the operating shaft I02.

The rotational speed of themotor 91 will be varied upon any unbalancing of the rheostat circult, which unbalancing would result in an increase or decrease of the current flowing through the field coils 94 of'the amplidyne generator 95. Such unbalancing will occur when the rheostat arm 8I has been moved to another position on the coil 83 by the rotation of the shaft I3 through an adjustment of the sighting mechanism. When the unbalanced condition occurs, the rotational speed of the motor!" is varied so that it is changed relative to the speed of the motor 98. When such change in the speed of the two motors occurs, the diiierential gearing (not shown) within the housing II will result in a rotation of the operating shaft ")2, whereby the artillery piece will be rotated on its vertical axis to efiect an just the same to'various horizontal or lateral positions. A duplicate mechanism, similar to that mounted within the base 'I u is located within the housing I8 within which the pivot shaft I9, on which the sight is' pivotally supported,- is mounted. This apparatus includes an external solenoid 84a which controls the braking, action of the apparatus within the housing I8 and a similar solenoid 180 which controls the clutching action of said apparatus. A similar follow-up 4 system (not shown) connects the rheostat within v the housing I8 with the artillery piece so as to control the elevation adjustment of the same. Thus, any movement of the'sight 23 in a'vertical plane will result in a similar movement 'of the artillery piece-in a vertical plane. In describing the operation of the device, it is believed necessary to describe only the operation as efiected bythe rotation of the shaft I3 so as to control the horizontal adjustment of the artillery piece. Obviously, since the mechanism for'controlling the vertical adjustment is exactly the same, exceptthat it is controlled by the shaft I9, its operation is identical.

'With.the solenoids. and I8 de-energized, the Y brake shoes 58 are in a non-braking or disengaged position, while the clutch shoes are in a clutching or. engaged position, It'will-be assumed clutch plate A is opposite SI of the clutch. plate B by the coil spring 54 that the lug 49 on the the stop element or bar (Figure 8), being held so acting against the followers will be referred to as the zero position and at this time, the lug 49 lies inthe same vertical planeas the sight 23 and as th wiper arm been explained. The wiper arm BI of therheostat 83 is in the same relative position with respect to its coil as the wiper arm of the rheostat 98 which is controlled by the artillery piece." such conditions, the electrical circuit is in balance and the motors 91 and 98 are rotating. at the same adjustment in train of said artillery piece- Movement of the artillery piece will continue until the arm of its rheostat which is controlled directly by a movement of the artillery piece will have assumed the same position as the arm 8I.,of

, the rheostat 83 controlled by the sighting apparatus. When the rheostat arms have .again reachedthe same relative positions, the circuit is again in balance and the motor 91 is rotating at the same speed as the motor 98, with the result that further rotation ofthe operating shaft I92 is halted. As above pointed out, this particular follow-up system has been found adaptable for use with the present apparatus but any other system which will impart the same movement to the artillery piece when the sighting apparatusfis .moved a predetermined plate B, whereby the control shaft 43 it will be evident that the speed, whereby the operating shaft I02 is stationary;

Assuming that; the artillery piece is to be directed'to bear upon a stationarytarget, it is first necessary to adjust the sight 23 with respect to the artillery for the difference in location of the sight and.

the artillery'piece and also to compensate for- I windage and elevation for range. .The observer. takes his position straddling the base I0 and directs the sight 23 upon the target and this movement of the sight will result in a rotation of the shaft I3. Since the clutch shoes 65 are. engaged and the brake shoes of the clutch plate A and is rotated a distance equal to the rotation of the shaft I3. The rotation of the control shaft 43 results in a rotation of the wiper arm 8|, whereby the circuit within which the rheostats and 83 are connected, is unbalanced. As explained, this unbalancing of the circuit results in a change of the speed of the motor 91, whereby rotation. is imparted to the operating aft I82 of the artillery piece. Therefore, a horizontal plane until the wiper arm of its rheostat 99 assumes the same relative position to its coil as the wiper arm 8I'has assumed to its coil 83. In other words, the movement of the sight onto the target results in a similar move- 52 and 53. This 8I, as has. I

- Under 1 piece so as to compensate '56 are released, this rotation'of the shaft I3 willresult in a rotation the realining or drive the artillery piece is moved in trolled.

plate A in its oifset position ment of the artillery piece which is being con- When the sighting apparatus is squarely upon the target, the solenoids 64 and 18 are energized, the solenoid 64 being energized first to apply the brake shoes 56 and lock the plate B, as well as A ,of the artillery piece. After the brake is applied and the clutch released, the sight is moved the desired distances both horizontal and vertical so as to take care of, and compensate for windage and elevation, as well as foroffset, if desired. It is pointed out that the movement of the plate A relative to the locked plate 13 is permitted by the travelof the lug 49 within the channel '50 of the plate B and against the action of the spring 54,. For example, the plate A might be moved a number of degrees as illustrated in Figure 9 ofthe drawings. When this adjustment has been I completed, the solenoid I8 is de-energized to reengage the clutch shoes 55 and thereby lock the relative to the plate B.

. After the clutch shoes have been re-engaged, [the solenoid 64 isde-energized to release the brake shoes 56 and then, a subsequent movement of the sight result in a rotation of the wiper arm 81 of the rheostat 83 I loweven'the plate A is .now locked in an adjusted angular relation to theplate B and also the wiper arm 8].

After the foregoing adjustment has been made, the sight is again brought to bear upon th target and such movement will result in a similar movement of the artillery piece so that said artillery piece is ofiset and elevated relative to the target. Theoretically, at this time, the artillery piece is properly aimed to score a direct hit 1 The solenoid 64 is again energized to lock the l plate B and the rheostat against any possible movement, after which the artillery piece is fired, such firing being in the nature of a trial shot. of course, if the shotscores a direct hit, no further adjustment is necessary. However, if .the-

shot misses the target, a further adjustment may be readily made and this is done by reenergizing the solenoid 18 to again release the clutch shoes 65 so as to permit an independent movement of'the plate A relative to the plate B. Upon-release of the clutch shoes, the observer moves the sight 23 so as to bear directly upon the actual hit, that is, upon the point where the shell actually burst. Obviously, this moves the sight from oil of the target onto the point of the actual hit and the number of degrees of movement of the sight is determined solely by the distance between such points. When the sight has been brought to bear upon the actual hit, the solenoid 18 is de-energized to again engage the clutch shoes 65 and thus, the plate A is again locked in a pre-determined offset position relative to the plate B; The solenoid 64 is then de-energized to release thebrake shoes 56 and thereby. again set up a direct connection between the'plate A and the plate B.

By returning the sight back to the target, the

windage and range. The solenoid 64 is the again energized tolock the rheostat arm 8 against any movement and continued firing c the artillery piece may be carried out. Mani 5 festly, if subsequent shots fail to strike the tar get, subsequent adjustment may be made in th manner above described. These adjustment may be rapidly accomplished by actuating th solenoids 64 and I8 for'the horizontal adjust ment of the artillery piece and the solenoids 64. and 18a for the vertical adjustment or said piece It is pointed out that the adjustment of th artillery piece is based primarily upon the loca ,tion of the point where the actual hit is made In other words, if the target is missed, the ob server uses the location or point at which th i actual hit occurred as a basis for his subsequen adjustment. In this ,mannennocalculation i; necessary to finally bring the artillery piece int proper position. n

' An important feature 0! the invention is tlru arrangement whereby; the various parts may b4 quickly returned to a. 'zero or starting position This may be done by energizing the solenoids t( 25 apply the brake and release the clutch, after which the observer releaseshis hand grip on th( sight; the return to zero or starting position i: automatically accomplished by the coiled spring 54 acting on the lug" through the followers 5! 0 and 53 within the channel of the drive plate B whereby the lug 48 and the sight Hare realined in a vertical plane, with the stop element 5i and .the'wiper arm 8 I Each target will have a different range and oifset and in the case of a moving 35 target, the range and oflset will be constantly changing and the advantages of the rapid return of the parts to zero position to :permit subsequent readjustment for a are obvious. The solenoids 64, 64a," and 18a may be controlled by any suitable means but it is desirable that they be actuated by the observer and for this reason, the control panel 24,. is provided, (see Fig. 13). The panel carries a double switch I05 which controls the actuation of both of the solenoids 64 and 640. A double switch I06 which controls actuation of the solenoids 18 and 18a is also mounted on the panel. If desired, push buttons I051: for controlling the brake solenoids and Mia for controlling the clutch solenoids may be provided in addition to the switches. The control switches andbuttons are mounted on the control panel 24 within easy reach of the observer and may be actuated without the observer removing his eye from the eyepiece of the sight, 23.

As is apparent from the description of the operation, it is necessary that the brake shoes 56 be applied to lockthe plate B against movement before the clutch shoes 85 are released in order that.the relative offset positions of the plates may not be destroyed, and although any suitable electrical connection may be employed for'connecting the button or switch controls with the solenoids, it is desirable to employ the electrical hook-up shown in Figure 14. In this figure, the solenoids are supplied by crrent from a battery or other source I01. The switch I05 is connected by a wire 15b to one side of the battery and when in a closed position is adapted to engage two contacts I08 and I09 so as to close the circuit to these contacts. The contact I08 has connection through a wire I08a' with one side of the brake solenoid 64a and then through a wire 75 64b with the second brake solenoid 64. The opnew or moving target,

switches I and W8,

' as'casoo The solenoid 18a has connection through a wire "b with the other clutch solenoid 18' and the opposite side of the latter solenoid is connected with the other-side of the battery llll. With this arrangement, it will be manifest that the switch I" must be closed before current can flow through the switch I06. Therefore, it is nec-' essary that the brake solenoids 6t and 64a be actuated before the solenoids l8 and 18a may be operated. In this manner, it is impossible to release the clutch shoes 65. before applying the brake shoes 56.

The push buttons same manner as the I051: and IOGa function in the double or toggle type of except that each must be held in a depressed or circuit closing position. The button 105a, when depressed, closes the circuit to the solenoids 64 and Na .and at the same time conducts a flow of current to the other button "to whereby subsequent depression of the button will operate the solenoids." and 18a. The particular electrical hook-up in Figure 14 is a safety feature which prevents actuation of the clutch mechanism prior to the time that the brake mechanism is applied. However, is not to be limited to this particular hook-up as any suitable electrical connection between the the invention to move said means in accordance with the sight, and means for leasing dependent movement of'the shaft relative to the control means to nit an offset adjustment of the sight relative to the control means, the clutch being released and re-engaged whenever desired and irrespective of the relative positions of said shaft and control-means.

-2; A sighting and control apparatus for adjustable devicesincluding, a sight mounted for angular adjustments about vertical'and horizontal axes, a rotatable shaft of the sight, a second rotat;

bythe vertical adjustment of the sight, a control mechanism associated with control mechanism including a rotatable control element adapted to control movement of the device to be adjusted, a clutch plate fixed on eachrotatable shaft, a drive plate secured to each ro tatable control element, and .a-releasable drive connection between the plates, whereby the rotatable shaft may heutilized to impart rotation to the control element so that said element is actuated in accordance with the-movement of the sightwhich rotates the shaft. i

3. A sighting and control apparatus justable devices, including, alsight mounted for angular adjustments about vertical and horizontal axes, a rotatable shaft connected with thesight and rotated in accordance with the horizontal adjustment of the sight, a second rotatable control buttons and the solenoids may be employed.

In setting forth the operation, the use of the apparatus in firing upon a been described but it is pointed out that the apparatus is'particularly adaptable in following a moving target. The mounting of the sight 23 makes it possible for the observer to follow a moving target with as much ease as he could follow said target with a pair of hand binoculars. Also, it is apparent that the sighting apparatus is adjusted by the observer, the adjustment depending upon the point of the actual hit of the previous shot. The usual mathematical method of determining the necessary adjustment iseliminated.

The foregoing description of the invention is explanatory thereof and various changes in the size, shape and materials, as well tails of the illustrated construction may within the scope of the appendedclaims, with out departing from the spirit of the invention. What I claim'and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

i. A sightin justable devices including, a sight mounted for angularadjustme'nts about vertical and horizontal axes, a rotatable shaft connected-with the sight and rotated in accordance with the hori-- zontal adjustmentof the sight, a secondrotatable shaft connected with the sight and. rotated by the vertical adjustment of the sight, a coritrol mechanism. associated with each shaft and including movable control means arranged to control the device to be adjusted, a clutch formbig part of each control mechamsm for setting control means whereby the shaft may be utilized as in the, de-

stationary target has the clutch" nd drive zero position relative to each other, and a nor.- connecting the plates, whereby the rotation of the clutch plate by the I shaft will impart a similar rotation to the drive.

plate nd control apparatus for adshaft on which the mounted on the shaft connected with the sight the vertical adjustment of thewslght, a control mechanism associated with each shaft, each control mechanism including a rotatable control element adapted to control movement of the device plates in a predetermined or mally engaged clutch and the control element. 1

v 4. An apparatus as set forth gether with a brake for in claim, a, to

locklng each drive'plate and control element against movement when the clutch is released whereby each trol element.

5. A sighting apparatus including, a base, an upright-supporting structure which is ofisetout ,1

of vertical alinement of the base and pivotally base to swing on a vertical axis, shaft at the upper portion of the supporting structure, a sight mounted on the pivot shaft and movable in a vertical plane, the oflset structure permitting an observer to straddle the base and use the Sight with the vertical axis on which the structure swings substantially intersecting the tural pivot of the body of the observer, and m s readily permitting the a horizontal pivot manual adjustment of the height of the 'strucaxis of the horizontal pivot ture whereby the sight is mounted lies in subsame horizontal plane stantially the the observers head, I

ural pivot of each clutch topermlt in-- I connected with the sight and rotated in accordance'with the hori- -zontal adjustment able shaft connected withthe sight and rotated.

each shaft, each for adand rotated by I 'a clutch plate fixed on each a drive plate secured to each roelement, means for maintaining means for releasing each clutch, and

shaft and clutch plate may be moved relative to each drive; plate and as the nats. A sighting apparatus including, a base, a

- vertical rotatable shaft mounted axially in said base, an upstanding oil'set support secured to the shaft and arranged to swing about the vertical axis thereof, a horizontal plvotshaft carried by the upper end of the support, a sight ascaaoe turning the platesito their zero position when said clutch plate is released after having been mounted on the pivot shaft and adapted tobe swung vertically on the horizontal axis of said shaft, and adjustable means forming part of the support for varying the height 'of said support to properly position the horizontal shaft relative to the observer using the device.

7. A sighting and control apparatus for -adjustable' devices including, a sight mounted for angular adjustments about vertical and horizontal axes, a rotatable shaft connected with the sight and rotated in accordance with the horizontal adjustment of the sight, a second rotatable shaft connected with the sight and rotated by the vertical adjustment of the sight, a; control mechanism associated with each shaft and including movable control means arranged to control the device to be adjusted, a clutch forming part of eachcontrol mechanism forsetting up a positive connection between its shaft and control means whereby the shaft may be utilized to move said means in accordance with the angular adjustments of the sight, means for releasing each clutch to permit independent movement of the corresponding shaft relative to the control means to permit an offset adjustment of the sight rela+ tive to the control means, and a brake incorporated within each control mechanism for locking its control means against movement, whereby movement of said control means may be prevented upon release' of the clutch'for permitting relative movement of the shaft.

8. A sighting and control apparatus for adiustable devices including, a sight mounted for angular adjustments about vertical and horizon- ,tal axes, a rotat'able shaft connectedwith the moved to an offset position.

10. An apparatus asset forth in claim 3 including, means for releasingeach clutch, a brake for locking each drive plate and control element against movement when the clutch is released whereby each shaft and clutchplate'may be moved relative toeach drive plate and control from itszero or predetermined position with re-' element to permit the clutch ,plate to be oifset spect to the drive plate, thereby allowing the sight to be adjusted without actuating the control element, electrical solenoids associated with the clutch and'brake, and manual control means for selectively energizing the solenoids to selectively operate said clutch and plate. 7

11. An apparatus as set forth in claim 3 including, means for releasing each clutch, a brake for locking each drive plate and control element against movement when the clutch is released whereby each shaft and clutch plate may be moved relative to. each drive plate and control element to permit the clutch plate to be offset from its zero or predetermined position. with respect to the drive 'plate, thereby allowing the sight to be adjusted without actuating the consight and rotated in accordance with the hori- Q zontal adjustment of the sight, a second rotatable shaft connected with the sight and rotated by the vertical adjustment of the sight, a control V mechanism associated with each shaft andineluding movable control means arranged to control the device to be adjusted, a clutch forming part of each control mechanism for. setting up a positive connection between its shaft and control means whereby the shaft may be utilized to trol element, and means for actuating the clutch and brake, the actuating means being arranged so that said clutch is non-releasable until-said brake has been moved toa locking position.

12. a sighting apparatus including, a base having a vertical axis, an upright support which is offset out of axial alinement with the vertical axis of the base and pivotally mounted on the base to swing about said vertical axis, a horizontal pivot shaft at the upper portion of the support, and

.a sight mounted on the pivot shaft and angularly movable in a vertical plane,'the oil'set sup port permitting an observer to straddle the base and use the sight with the vertical axis on which said support swings substantially intersecting the natural pivot of the body of the observer and with the axis of the horizontal pivot shaft substantially intersecting the natural pivot of the observer's head.

move said means in accordance with the angular adjustments of the sight, means for releasing each clutch to permit independent movement of the corresponding shaft relative to'the control means to permit an oflset adjustment of the sight relative to the conrol means, and a brake incorporated within; each control mechanism for locking itsv control m us against movement, the

clutch being releasable only upon locking of said' control means by thev brake, whereby independent movement of the control as wellas movement thereof during the the; shaft is prevented I 9. vAn apparatus as set forth in claim 3 in relative moven 1 ent of eluding, means for releasing ,each cluteh,-a brake i for locking each driveplate andcontmlfelemem; against movement when the clutch is released whereby each'shaft and clutch plate maybe moved relative to each ive plate andicontmi element to permit the clutch plate tabs from its zero orpredetermined-position with nspect to the drive plate, thereby allowing'the. sight to be adjusted without actuating the control element, and means'for automatically re- .ang'ular adjustm ents zontal an for engaging and disengaging the connecting means whereby the I of said sight and element 7 ,means, the clutch mechanism being operable atany time to engage and disengage said connecting positions or the their original position relative to the control sight and element may undergo movement independently of the control means tot allow oil'setting relative to the control means irrespective of the relative control means and the Sight and element.v

14. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein the connecting means includes means. Q

for returning the sight and movable elementto means upon disengagement of the clutch mecha is actuated in accordance with-X connecting means aaeasoe nism and release of said sight following their movement to an ofiset position.

" angular adjustments about vertical and horizontal axes, a rotatable shaft connected with the sight and rotated in accordance with the horizontal adjustment of the sight, a second rotatable shaft connected with the sight and rotated by the vertical adjustment of the sight, a c'ontrol mechanism associated with each shaft and including movable control means arranged to control a device to be adjusted, means within'each mechanism for detachably connecting its respective shaft with its respective movable control means whereby the shaft may be utilized to move said control means in accordance with the angular adjustments of the sight or may be disconnected from the control means to permit an offset adjustment of the sight without effecting movement of said control means, and means for actuating the connecting means to connect the control means to said shaft and disconnect the same therefrom whenever desired and irrespective of the relative positions of the shaft and control means.

17. An apparatus as set forth in claim 16 including, means associated with each control mechanism for automatically returning the sight and the shaft associated-with'said mechanism to their original position relative to the control means of the mechanism upon release of said sightand shaft following their movement to, an offset position.

18. An apparatus as set forth in claim 16, with means for positively locking each control means against movement when said control means is disconnected from its shaft.

eluding, electrically-operated means for controlling actuation of each detachable connecting means, means forpositively locking each control means against movement when'the latter is disconnected -from; its shaft, and additional electrically-operated means for controlling actuation of each locking means.

20. A sighting apparatus including, a sight mounted on a vertical axis so as to be movable in a horizontal plane and also mounted on a horizontal axis so as to be movable in a vertical plane, the vertical axis intersecting the natural pivot of the body of an observer operating the sight and the horizontal axis intersecting the natural pivot of the observers head, and means readily permitting the manual adjustment of the height of said sight to properly position the horizontal axis of the same relative to the observer. 7 I

21. A sighting and control apparatus for adjustable devices including,'a sight mounted for angular adjustments about vertical and horizontal axes, 'a movable element connected with the sight and movable in accordance with the angular adjustments thereof,'a control mechanism associated with the movable element, the mechanism including a movable control element adapted to control movement of the device to be adjusted, a member carried 'by the movable element, asecond member carried by the control element, normally-engaged means connecting the members, whereby the movement of the first member by said movable element im-' parts a similar movement to the second member and said control element, means for releasing the connecting means, means for locking the second member and control element against movement when said connecting means is released, whereby the movable element and first member may be 40 moved to an offset position relative to said second member and control element and thereby permit the sight to be adjusted without actuating the control element.

- JOHN C. SLONNEGER.

19. An apparatus as set forth in claim 16 in- 4's 

